Research Papers These research papers are based upon the work in The Atom Uncovered, Gravity & Electromagnetic Waves and Dark Matter & The Universe. Higgs Found In this paper we propose an answer to the major unanswered question in particle physics, “what gives mass, mass?”. Although the standard model of particle physics proposes that particle obtain mass by interacting with the Higgs field, we use the models of Newstead et al. 2010, published in “The Atom Uncovered” and “Gravity and Electromagnetic Waves”, to propose an alternative answer. Moreover this proposal not only explains why particles have mass and a gravitational field, but also the duality of light. What gives matter mass? In this article we give a possible explanation of what gives matter mass, as well as expanding upon the connection between mass and gravity. Mass of an Electromagnetic Wave In this paper we investigate whether an electromagnetic wave can have mass, whilst also still having a maximum velocity equal to the speed of light. We find that their mass is inversely proportional to their velocity, such that they have no mass when travelling at the speed of light. This proportionality may also help explain the duality of light. What is Mass? In this paper we investigate the connection between energy and mass. From this we propose that mass is “generated” when a volume of space contains a sufficient amount of localised energy. We then show how this definition explains various phenomena, for example why mass increases with velocity. How Electrons consist of Electromagnetic Waves In this paper we investigate the connection between electrons and electromagnetic waves. We then propose how electrons could consist of electromagnetic waves. From this proposal we explain why electron-positron annihilation results in only gamma rays being formed, as well as how gamma rays can form electron-positron pairs. An Experiment to Determine Whether Electromagnetic Waves have Mass In previous papers we have proposed that the mass of an electromagnetic wave is dependent upon its speed. This relationship is such that when the wave is travelling at the speed of light it has no mass, but its mass monotonically increases as the wave slows down (i.e. the wave has mass when it is passing through a medium). In this paper we propose an experiment that would be able to determine whether electromagnetic waves have mass when they are not travelling at the speed of light. Also the experiment would be able to determine whether the wave’s frequency affects the wave’s mass for a given speed.